The sweetest things. The sweetest substances on earth. The sweetest fruit

If you ask any person “which substance is the sweetest,” you will probably get the answer - sugar. Surely this is almost the correct answer. It is accepted that table sugar, or in other words, sucrose (99.9% sugar) is the sweetest substance in the world. Sucrose is the standard by which the sweet taste of foods is compared. To determine the sweetness of a product, there are special commissions of experts; they taste it, give ratings, which are then averaged. It is clear that the expert must have the highest sensitivity to the presence of sucrose. Sucrose consists of two monosaccharides - glucose and fructose. Sucrose is found in varying quantities in all fruits and berries, but its highest content is in sugar beets and sugar cane, from which sugar is mainly extracted. Moreover, the sucrose content increases significantly in ripened fruits.
Sucrose molecule

Fructose, glucose, lactose and others...

Surprisingly, bees sense sucrose a thousand times worse than humans. They do not consider the honey they produce (and it consists of 80% sucrose) to be sweet at all. But the nectar they feed on contains about 70% fructose, which is about 1.7 times sweeter than sucrose. Glucose is 1.3 times less sweet than sucrose. When it enters the intestines, sugar (sucrose) immediately breaks down into its components: glucose and sucrose.
Lactose is one of the most abundant natural sugars in the world. As the name suggests, it is found in milk (about 5%). Lactose is 3 times less sweet than sucrose. Sorbitol (2 times less sweet than sucrose) and xylitol (4 times sweeter) are also used in nutrition. But these sugars contain no calories!

The sweetest substance in the world

As we found out, sucrose is considered the standard of sweetness. But in fact, what is the sweetest substance in the world?
So, if in a sucrose molecule we replace 3 hydroxyl groups with chlorine atoms, then as a result of this reaction we will get a substance 13,000 times sweeter than table sugar! This substance was obtained in 2010 and was named neotame.

Types of sugar

Sweet taste

Lugduname is the sweetest substance.

Sweet taste- an expression both in relation to substances that cause a sensory process, a sensation due to the action of a sweet substance on taste receptors, and the type of chemoreception itself. It is one of the five “main ones”. The sensation of sweetness is carried out by special receptors for the sweet substance. Sweetness is usually associated with a pleasant sensation, and people most often experience sweetness when eating foods rich in simple carbohydrates, such as sugar or glucose. The sweetest substance that is currently edible and harmless is Methylphenyl ester -L-α-aspargyl-aminomalic acid, which is 40,000 times sweeter than sucrose. This substance has been patented by Japanese scientists and may be used to produce chocolate. According to research, 3 drops of this substance are enough to make an entire tank car with a capacity of 60 tons sweet, like ordinary tea with two spoons of sugar per 200 ml mug.

Sweet receptors

Sweets are detected by taste bud receptors

see also

Literature

• Cohn, Georg (1914). Die Organischen Geschmackstoffe. Berlin: F. Siemenroth.
• Kier L (1972). "". Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 61 : 1394.
• Kitagawa M, Kusakabe Y, Miura H, Ninomiya Y, Hino A (2001). "Molecular genetic identification of a candidate receptor gene for sweet taste." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 283 : 236–242.
• Li XD, Staszewski L, Xu H, Durick K, Zoller M, Adler E (2002). "Human receptors for sweet and umami taste." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 : 4692–4696.
• Max M, Shanker YG, Huang LQ, Rong M, Liu Z, Campagne F, Weinstein H, Damak S, Margolskee RF (2001). "Tas1r3, encoding a new candidate taste receptor, is allelic to the sweet responsiveness locus Sac." Nature Genetics 28 : 58–63.
• Montmayeur JP, Liberles SD, Matsunami H, Buck LB (2001). "A candidate taste receptor gene near a sweet taste locus." Nature Neuroscience 4 : 492–498.
• Nelson G, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Zhang YF, Ryba NJP, Zuker CS (2001). "Mammalian sweet taste receptors." Cell 106 : 381–390.
• Nofre C, Tinti JM (1996). “Sweetness reception in man: the multipoint attachment theory.” Food Chemistry 56 : 263–274.
• Sainz E, Korley JN, Battey JF, Sullivan SL (2001). "Identification of a novel member of the T1R family of putative taste receptors." Journal of Neurochemistry 77 : 896–903.
• Shallenberger RS ​​(1963). "Hydrogen bonding and the varying sweetness of the sugars." Journal of Food Science 28 : 584–589.
• Tinti, Jean-Marie & Nofre, Claude (1991). Why does a sweetener taste sweet? A new model. In D.E. Walters, F.T Orthoefer & G.E. DuBois (Eds.), Sweeteners: Discovery, Molecular Design, and Chemoreception, ACS Symposium Series 450, pp. 209–213. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.

The sweetness level of any product is measured in arbitrary units, and sucrose is considered the zero point. Interestingly, the list of the sweetest foods in the world consists of the most unexpected representatives.

Most sweet fruit:
Dates took first place among the sweetest fruits. After all, they contain up to 80% sugar. However, they are considered dietary product and are included in the menu of many diets. And residents of areas where the fruit grows have long used it as a medicine: it can relieve pain during childbirth, remove kidney stones, and is also rich in vitamins and microelements.

The sweetest vegetable:
Tomatoes are not usually considered a sweet product, but some varieties have a pleasant aroma and sweet taste. Tests were carried out different varieties tomatoes and found as many as 12 compounds that are responsible for the level of sweetness of the tomato variety. The sweetest variety was the purple tomato and the fleshy orange tomato. These varieties increase potency and are recognized as a powerful antioxidant.

Pumpkin:
Pumpkin is considered one of the leaders in sugar content, including 32% sugar, which is equal to the sugar content in the best grape varieties. The sweetest varieties grow in Asia and are called: nutmeg, candied fruit, marble and Arbat pumpkin. Moreover, pumpkin is rich in vitamin C and B, which are responsible for hair, skin and nails, and keratin helps in muscle formation and fights obesity.

Onion:
Garlic contains 27% sucrose and would be sweeter than sugar, if not for the essential oils, which give it a pungent taste and smell. Garlic is a natural antibiotic and fights colds, heals wounds and heals the heart.

In addition to the above-mentioned fruits and vegetables as sweet as honey, you can also list a lot of different examples. Not far behind them are pineapples, apples from Thailand, tamarind, quiche, black carrots, artichokes and persimmons.

The sweetest substance on the planet:
The sweetest food supplement was invented in 2010. It is 13,000 times sweeter than sugar and is called neotame. And among natural formations, stevia is recognized as the sweetest. It is a perennial plant that is 300 times sweeter than sugar. It is known that American Indians used it to sweeten their lives many thousands of years ago. And stevia was reintroduced to the whole world by a Swiss scientist in 1903. He examined this bush and determined that its leaves are perfect for a low-calorie sweetener. In addition to its sweetness, this plant is useful in the treatment of psoriasis, angina pectoris, it improves memory and eliminates toxins; housewives have learned to use it for culinary purposes.

The sweetness of substances and dishes is measured in conventional units - SES. Sucrose is taken as the zero reference point. The list of products that make the palate squeal with joy includes completely unexpected ingredients.

The sweetest vegetables and fruits

There is an opinion in the culinary circle: what sweeter vegetable, the more useful it is. While this may be debatable, one thing is true: the less watery fruits and vegetables are, the more filling they are. useful substances. The leaders of our sugar TOP are so appetizing that they rarely stay on the shelves.

The sweetest fruit

Dates are considered record holders in the world of natural desserts. The sugar content of small date palm fruits ranges from 50 to 80%. Healing properties And taste qualities This fruit was known to the ancient Egyptians and the mysterious Assyrians.

This is how the sweetest fruits grow - dates. The prophets who settled on the pages of the Bible and the Koran saved themselves from hunger by eating dried fruits. Despite the huge SES level, dates are low in calories and even become the basis of special diets. They contain a wide range of amino acids, vitamins B and P. The sweetest fruit promotes easy childbirth, relieves kidney stones, but is completely unsuitable for diabetics and people suffering from obesity.

The sweetest tomatoes

Although the sugar content of tomatoes is relatively low (2.6 g per 100 g of total weight), they have a rich, sweet taste and pleasant aroma. In search of the perfect golden apple, Professor Harry Klee from the University of Florida conducted an analysis chemical composition different varieties of tomatoes. He identified a dozen compounds that determine the intensity of aroma and another 12 that are responsible for sweetness, discovering the secret to the harmony of taste, color and smell.

Tomatoes of the Chernomor variety are very large and sweet. The sweetest varieties of tomatoes are the hybrid “Master Garden F1”, the purple “Chernomor” and the fleshy “Orange Giant”. These sugar vegetables are a powerful antioxidant, prevent the formation of blood clots and even increase potency.

The sweetest pumpkins

The undisputed leader in sugar accumulation is pumpkin. It contains up to 32% sugar - about the same as the best varieties of wine grapes. Orange “bellied” is rich in vitamin C, which is responsible for immunity, and B vitamins, necessary for the beauty of hair, nails and skin. Thanks to carnitine, which is rarely found in vegetables, pumpkin promotes the formation of a muscle corset and fights obesity. Although the sweetest varieties grow in Asia, there are worthy specimens in our area. For example, nutmeg, candied, marble and Arbat pumpkins contain more than 12% sugar. “Volzhskaya Gray 92” will be even tastier, because the sugar level in it exceeds 16%.

Volzhskaya gray 92 - the sweetest pumpkin variety

Sugar garlic

It’s hard to believe, but in terms of sugar levels, aromatic melons and sugar beets are far from garlic. This “smelly friend” contains up to 27% polysaccharides, including glucose, sucrose, inulin and fructose. There would probably be white teeth sweeter than honey, if not essential oil, giving them a sharp taste and a peculiar smell. Garlic, known to our ancestors, is one of the most powerful natural antibiotics. It treats colds, disinfects wounds and strengthens the heart muscle. The healthiest people live in Korea and Italy: they consume up to 12 cloves of garlic per day. The “sugar” vegetable also has its contraindications. It is undesirable for nursing mothers, ulcer sufferers and people with kidney problems.

Even garlic can be sweet. The list of molasses-sweet fruits and vegetables could be endless. Sugar apple from Thailand, pineapple, persimmon, tamarind, quiche, black carrots and artichokes have settled here.

What else is included in the TOP sweetest foods?

In order to calculate the effect of sugar on human body, scientists have come up with another concept - the glycemic index. Thanks to it, you can calculate how the body reacts to pure glucose. What food instantly increases blood sugar and is itself sweet?

Corn syrup

Researchers from the University of California have found that sugary foods can lead to weakened nerve connections and deterioration of brain function. After feeding one group of experimental rats corn syrup rich in fructose, they sent them to find a way out of the labyrinth.

Corn syrup is among the top sweetest products. The animals, who had already left the Minotaur’s lair more than once, darted madly through the passages, but were unable to escape. But their brothers, who had not tasted the sugary nectar, easily went outside. Corn syrup is several times sweeter than sugar and much more dangerous. It is one of the reasons for the excessive obesity of Americans: per year they absorb up to 17 liters of cheap sweetener.

Honey

According to ancient myths, even the Greek gods respected honey, consuming tons of ambrosia. And ancient Russian recipes indicated it as a panacea for all diseases. Although the beekeeping product is very high in calories, it is much healthier and sweeter than sugar. For example, acacia honey contains more than 40% fructose and 36% glucose. It contains enzymes necessary for the body, B vitamins and ascorbic acid. Honey can speed up the restoration of damaged tissues, improve digestion, normalize sleep, improve immunity and even prevent the occurrence of sclerosis. But, like any sweet, it has its contraindications: it is not suitable for allergy sufferers and diabetics.

Honey is not only sweet, but also a healthy product. Is there really any product that breaks all records for sugar content?

The sweetest substance in the world

In 2010, NutraSweet invented a new food supplement– neotame, 13,000 times more sugary than sugar. But we are for naturalness, so stevia becomes the leader in our ranking of the sweetest products. This perennial plant, used by American Indians thousands of years ago, is 300 times sweeter than sugar. In 1903, the Swiss Bertoni, having examined a green bush received as a gift, found out that stevia leaves can be used as a natural, calorie-free sweetener.

Neotame is the sweetest substance in the world But this miracle of nature hides others beneficial features: It is used in cooking, treats psoriasis, angina, improves memory and removes toxins. Sweets are not only delicious, but also incredibly expensive..

How to watch your figure without denying yourself sweets? Memorize the recipes for the best sweet mixes that will replace cakes, pastries and desserts! Author's mixtures from professionals.

Recipes for sweet mixes for hookah

I often want to indulge in sweets, but summer is coming and you need to take care of your figure. Yes, even guys 😉

Those who love hookah should not worry - a smoky one can replace your favorite sweets and desserts without harming your waistline. By the way, if you are taking care of your health, then all these mixes can be prepared based on nicotine-free mixtures.

10 Chocolate covered banana

The sweet taste of the dessert, which in its usual form will certainly be deposited on the sides, is completely safe and very pleasant in a hookah.

Mix Adalia 60 (coffee) to 20 (Amazonia), add another 20% of Sherbet cotton candy on top. It is good to warm up the bowl before smoking. Cooked over 3 coals.

3 Chocolate mint cupcake

An interesting combination of fresh mint and sweet chocolate in baked goods leaves no one indifferent. Why not use this mix in a shisha?

Our version is strong, do not smoke on an empty stomach 😉

2 Chocolate ice cream with basil

The mix was created by the famous hookah blogger Dava Dym, will you like it?